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Implications of Exercise Training and Distribution of Protein Intake on Molecular Processes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Plasticity

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Abstract

To optimize its function, skeletal muscle exhibits exceptional plasticity and possesses the fundamental capacity to adapt its metabolic and contractile properties in response to various external stimuli (e.g., external loading, nutrient availability, and humoral factors). The adaptability of skeletal muscle, along with its relatively large mass and high metabolic rate, makes this tissue an important contributor to whole body health and mobility. This adaptational process includes changes in the number, size, and structural/functional properties of the myofibers. The adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise are highly interrelated with dietary intake, particularly dietary protein, which has been shown to further potentiate exercise training-induced adaptations. Understanding the molecular adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise and protein consumption is vital to elicit maximum benefit from exercise training to improve human performance and health. In this review, we will provide an overview of the molecular pathways regulating skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise and protein, and discuss the role of subsequent timing of nutrient intake following exercise.

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Acknowledgments

This material is based upon the work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), under agreement No. 58-1950-0014. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. DAR is supported by a RCDC fellowship from the Boston Claude D. Pepper Center OAIC (1P30AG031679).

Conflict of interest

L. M. Margolis and D. A. Rivas have nothing to disclose.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

To the best of author’s knowledge, all procedures performed in the cited studies involving human participants in this review were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards and all applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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  1. Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA

    Lee M. Margolis & Donato A. Rivas

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  1. Lee M. Margolis
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  2. Donato A. Rivas
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Correspondence to Donato A. Rivas.

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Margolis, L.M., Rivas, D.A. Implications of Exercise Training and Distribution of Protein Intake on Molecular Processes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Plasticity. Calcif Tissue Int 96, 211–221 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9921-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9921-0

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